Essay on Shooting an Elephant - 486 Words

â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I was not comfortable with many aspects of this story. The prejudice throughout the book was unimaginable, I find I am uncomfortable with any kind of bigotry. Reading of the Burmese people and their disrespect toward someone who was there to â€Å"protect and serve†, was difficult. I suppose I am naà ¯ve, I try to hold on to the belief that people of God are inherently good. I know there are bad apples in all walks of life, bad people are everywhere so holding on to this optimism is harder each day. This story wasn’t like that, this was a blatant attitude of prejudice for sport, ignorance, and peer pressure. I found it very hard to embrace. Story or not, it was and is deeply†¦show more content†¦I liken it to a train wreck , horrible to see yet hard to look away. That being said, again, I was uncomfortable with the overall story line. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The elephant had shown frightening behavior, however, by the time the crowd caught up to him he had settled down. With the owner not around, and the crowd reaching riot proportions, for this officer, there seemed to be only one solution. It seemed to be a no win situation for anyone, especially the elephant. Caldwell, page2nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The story itself was about shooting an elephant, but the main story line was that of people with great prejudices and immense fears. All through this story, there was talk of hate and hostility and prejudice. It appeared to be the motivation for any and all actions taken. Whether it was for sport, out of boredom, or just angry people, the actions that were taken to appease the crowd and their feelings were horrifying. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I know little of George Orwell or his body of work. I am familiar with his science fiction novel entitled â€Å"1984†, though I have not read it. My personal opinion of George Orwell is that of awe. The combination of his amazing mind and creative ability to take what is, what could be and what might have been, mix it up with some fantasy to produce what he has in his stories, boggles this studentsShow MoreRelated Shooting an Elephant1601 Words   |  7 PagesOrwell spent the next twenty years as a writer; the essay â€Å"Shooting an Elephant,† set in the Burma of the 1920s and written in 1936, is one of his most famous works. In the early twentieth century, Burma was still a colony of Britain but anti-imperialism protests and social movements developed very fast, causing â€Å"great tension between Burmese, Indians and English, between civilians and police† (Meyers 56). Orwell’s essay â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† is based on this historical tension. In this essay, OrwellRead MoreShooting an Elephant840 Words   |  4 PagesDISCUSS ORWELLS USE OF PERSUASIVE TOOLS SUCH AS, SYMBOLISM, METAPHORS AND IRONY IN THIS ESSAY AND EXPLAIN HOW HE USES EACH OF THESE TO CONVEY HIS ARGUMENT OR MESSAGE In the extract, Shooting An Elephant Orwell conveys his message through the use of various persuasive tools. He wants the reader to identify when somebody assumes power. This technique is used to show that the powerful are also a captive to the will of people they control. Everyone involved in the situation becomes affected. InRead MoreAnalysis Of Shooting An Elephant813 Words   |  4 Pagespleased and wishes to keep his reputation high. In the short story, â€Å"Shooting an Elephant†, George Orwell, who writes from his own experiences, describes the life of the narrator, a policeman in a foreign country, Burma. The narrator feels forced to shoot a wild elephant that has destroyed parts of a village. He does not want to shoot the elephant, but because the Burmese around him seem determined and excited to see the elephant die, the narrator feels compelled to do what the natives request toRead More Shooting an Elephant Essay1373 Words   |  6 Pagesessay, Shooting an Elepha nt, George Orwell illustrates his experiences as a British police officer, and reflects it to the nature of imperialism. He hates his job as a police officer in Moulmein because an â€Å"anti-European feeling was very bitter† due to British Empire’s dictatorship in Burma. Therefore, Orwell, a white man is being treated disrespectfully by the Burmese which allows him to hate his job and British Empire, the root of everything. However, the incident of shooting of an elephant givesRead MoreShooting An Elephant By George Orwell1670 Words   |  7 Pageseventually caused me to comply. In â€Å"Shooting an Elephant,† by George Orwell, Orwell faced a similar dilemma. â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† is an essay that depicts Orwell’s conflictions about shooting a rampaging elephant while he served as an Imperial policeman in Burma during British colonial rule. In his essay, Orwell describes the difficult decision of whether or not to shoot the elephant and why he made his decision. Although he did not initially want to shoot the elephant, the social pressure of being surroundedRead MoreShooting an Elephant by George Orwell 884 Words   |  4 Pageshuddled in the corner in a state of shock with blood marks on his head and back. However, as I inspected the parakeets back closer, I saw that in fact the blood was flesh from the base of the wing which was missing. Similarly, like Orwell in Shooting an Elephant, I did not know what to do in the situation but I had to find a solution (pg.230). I did not have a clue how to treat an injured bird or if I should figure out first what and how the incident happened. The parakeet was bleeding heavily andRead MoreShooting an Elephant Literary Analysis895 Words   |  4 Pagesstory â€Å"Shooting an Elephant,† demonstrates the total dangers of the unlimited authority a state has and the astounding presentment of â€Å"future dystopia†. In the story, Orwell finds himself to be in an intricate situation that involves an elephant. Not only does the fate of the elephant’s life lie in Orwell’s hands, he has an audience of people behind him cheering him on, making his decision much more difficult to make. Due to the vast crowd surrounding his thoughts, Orwell kills the elephant in theRead MoreThe Feminine Mystique And Shooting An Elephant898 Words   |  4 PagesBoth The Feminine Mystique and â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† discuss the confrontation between the self and society. In The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan addresses â€Å"The Problem That Has No Name† referring to the widespread unhappiness of the housewife due to their obligation to uphold their ideal image rather than pursuing their dreams; in â€Å"Shooting an Elephant†, George Orwell comments on the societal expectations of imperialism and its effects on people who have the duty to uphold the law. In both ofRead More George Orwells Shooting an Elephant Essay783 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Orwells Shooting an Elephant In Shooting an Elephant, George Orwell finds himself in a difficult situation involving an elephant. The fate of the elephant lies in his hands. Only he can make the final decision. In the end, due to Orwells decision, the elephant lay dying in a pool of blood. Orwell wins the sympathy of readers by expressing the pressure he feels as an Anglo-Indian in Burma, struggling with his morals, and showing a sense of compassion for the dying animal. Read MoreShooting an Elephant by George Orwell Essay585 Words   |  3 PagesShooting an Elephant by George Orwell In his essay Shooting an Elephant, George Orwell explains how the controlling authorities in a hostile country are not controlling the countrys population but are in fact a mere tool of the populous. Orwells experience with the elephant provided the insight for his essay, and gives a clear example of the control the natives have over the authorities. The authorities in Lower Burma were there to police the state that their government controlled, but

Essay about Breast Cancer - 836 Words

Breast cancer is one of the most widespread cancers among women worldwide. In the US, it is the most common, and the leading cause of cancer related deaths among women between 45 – 64 years of age (Clegg et al., 2002; Ward et al., 2008). Early detection and improved treatment procedures have resulted in gradual decline in the number of deaths caused by the disease since 1990. Nevertheless, in 2009, the estimated death toll for the disease was 40,170 (American Cancer Society, 2009). The gravity of the disease therefore demands further research towards its early diagnosis, and for evaluating the prognosis of its course. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by the complex interplay of molecular, genetic and†¦show more content†¦The principal mechanism leading to pain and inflammation is the arachidonic acid (AA) pathway. AA is typically bound to the membrane phospholipids and is released by a group of enzymes known as the phospholipases A2’s. AA acts as the precursor of the group of bioactive lipids collectively known as the eisosanoids. There have been several reports that AA and the eicosanoids are intimately linked to cancer biology (Markaverich et al., 2007; Nie et al., 2001; Pan et al., 2008; Sveinbjornsson et al., 2008). The downstream enzymatic pathways of AA, the cycloxygenases (COX) and the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways, are responsible for the synthesis of the eicosanoids from AA. Elevated levels of the COX-2 protein have been reported in archived breast cancer tissue, and studies indicate that the overexpression of COX-2 is sufficient to induce mammary tumor formation in transgenic mice (Denkert et al., 2004; Liu et al., 2001). Human cancerous breast tissue indicates 3- to 30-fold higher 12-LO mRNA when compared to the normal breast tissue (Ding et al., 2003; Natarajan et al., 1997). There is sufficient evidence that the products of the COX and LOX enzymatic pathways, the eicosanoids, such as the prostaglandin (PG) PGE2 andShow MoreRelatedBreast Cancer And Cancer Prevention2347 Words   |  10 Pages INTRODUCTION Statistics indicate that breast cancer-related complications are among the top causes of death among women for over 23% of all women’s deaths in the world (Donepudi et al., 2014). The great cases of breast cancer are attributed to lack of information on and hard data on the disease, especially on early diagnosis and treatment options. In America, breast cancer is among the top causes of cancer-related deaths, and the mortality rate is relatively high as compared to the neighboring countriesRead MoreThe For Breast Cancer Action1612 Words   |  7 Pagesintention to give some part of the profit towards breast cancer causes. Ironically, the money made from this marketing will often not significantly benefit somebody with breast cancer. The pink ribbon was originally created by the Susan G Komen foundation yet anybody can use this symbol, because there is no intellectual copyright on it. Pinkwashing is term was first coined by the organization called breast cancer action, whose m ission is to â€Å"Breast Cancer Action’s mission is to achieve health justiceRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer Essay1433 Words   |  6 PagesBreast cancer is a carcinoma that develops due to malignant cells in the breast tissue. Cancerous cells are more likely to produce in the milk-producing ducts and the glands, ductal carcinoma, but in rare cases, breast cancer can develop in the stromal, fatty, tissues or surrounding lymph nodes, especially in the underarm (Breast Cancer). For women, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the 2nd leading cause of cancer death – behind skin cancer. While treatment or surgeries canRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1346 Words   |  6 Pagesinternational symbol for breast cancer support and awareness. Breast cancer knows neither racial boundaries nor age restrictions. Females of all ages and ethnicities can develop breast cancer and it is the leading most common cancer among women. Calling at tention to this often fatal disease is important by supporting its victims, families and friends of victims, as well as raising funds for breast cancer research. Though males are not immune from developing a breast cancer, for the purposes of thisRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer946 Words   |  4 PagesSkylar Steinman Period 6 Ms. Jobsz 12 February , 2016 Breast Cancer It is commonly known that Breast Cancer is one of the most insidious diseases that mankind has had to deal with. With the discovery of the BRCA1( BReast Cancer gene one) and BRCA2 (BReast Cancer gene two) genes, breast cancer can be detected with a great amount of certainty on a genetic level in some women and men. 40,000 women and men die of breast cancer each year. Knowing this it is very important to try to detect the mutationRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1530 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Cancer† is the name for a group of diseases that start in the body at the cellular level. Even though there are many different kinds of cancer, they all begin with abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These abnormal cells lump together to form a mass of tissue or â€Å"malignant tumor†. Malignant means that it can spread to other parts of the body or Metastasize . If the breast is the original location of the cancer gr owth or malignant tumor, the tumorRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer Essay1741 Words   |  7 Pages Internationally, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer related death amongst women. (CITE) Each year an estimated 1.7 million new cases are diagnosed worldwide, and more than 500,000 women will die of the disease. (CITE) According to (CITE), somewhere in the world one woman is diagnosed with breast cancer every 19 seconds and more than three women die of breast cancer every five minutes worldwide. (CITE) Breast cancer is a heterogeneous condition thatRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1372 Words   |  6 PagesBreast Cancer Disease Overview Breast cancer is a disease in which certain cells in the breast become abnormal and multiply uncontrollably to form a tumor. Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. (Only skin cancer is more common.) About one in eight women in the United States will develop invasive breast cancer in her lifetime. Researchers estimate that more than 230,000 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed in U.S. women in 2015. Cancers occur when aRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1471 Words   |  6 PagesBreast cancer Introduction to Breast cancer Breast cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer only surpassed by lung cancer. It involves a cancerous tumour located inside the breast but spreads if treatment is not administered. (Evert et al 2011) Breast cancer can be treated if diagnosed in its early stages but becomes progressively more difficult upon reaching more advancing malignant stages. Breast cancer can be confused with being a female only disease however both sexes suffer. AccordingRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1921 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Cancer is a term that every individual on this planet wants to avoid hearing when they go to their yearly check up at the doctors. However, as person ages, they are prone to develop some sort of sickness and most of the time, they could develop cancer of some sort. For this research paper, I am going to go over breast cancer. Breast cancer is a well-known type of cancer with awareness events going on to support both women and men who has breast cancer. According to American Cancer Society

Future Network Infrastructure for Cookie Company- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theFuture Network Infrastructure for Cookie Company. Answer: Network Infrastructure Network Convergence and Unified Communications Building of reliable network is very essential for the Cookie Co. to establish their network over different branches, employees and the main office. The main office of Cookie Co. is to have the core network convergence so that it can support all other branches of the company. The server that is used by Cookie Co. is six storage 2U racks. The 2U rack enhances the connectivity of network making the company to flourish. The servers of 2U rack will connect to switch automatically which builds a way between other devices. The switch has 8 numbers of ports and 24 numbers of connections. Out of the 8 ports, one port will pass through firewall and also connects to a router which access internet. The port that comes next will have connection with LAN in the office of the Cookie Co. The ports of the LAN are then connected with the systems of the employees so that they can access to the internet. To enable wireless print in the office, print server is enabled to do fax operations and wireless p rinting. Ethernet cables are also used for connectivity. LAN and Cabling Types LAN along with Ethernet cables are used in the Cookie Co. for establishing connection all over the office. The adapters are used for the connections that are established in the company. The use of adapters decreases the extra cost of installing different software and hardware and also reduces the wiring features (Parikh, Sidhu and Shami 2013). Patch cables are used for installation. Patch cables are used mainly for connecting a device with a socket. WAN Connection WAN connection is the wide area connection. This connection is mainly used for the branch offices of the company. To connect the main office of Cookie Co. with the other branch office mainly wide area networks are used. This is done mainly by installing units of data service at the back end of the main office of the company. A router is used in the main office as well as in the branch office and is also connected by a VPN connection. VPN serves wide area network which needs the VPN in the software and the hardware devices. Transmission Media and Connecting Devices The transmission media that can be used in the company is optical fibers. By using optical fibers, the signal strength is increased and there is almost no interference present in the network (Webb 2015). Total internal reflections are used in the cables to move the waveguides so that noise is removed from the cables and network to make the connection smooth. IP and DNS Management Tools of network management are used for managing the IP and the DNS in the company. The IP addresses are managed by these tools of network management. The MAC and the DNS address are also managed by network management tool. One such software that is used as networking software is OptUtils. The manager of the Cookie Co. uses this tool of software management to keep a static look on the IP addresses that helps to keep a secured connection. Networked Services To increase the connectivity of the data network and also make reliable voice calls following network service can be used by the Cookie Co. VOIP- VOIP, Voice over IP is transmission of multimedia content and voice via networks of Internet Protocol. To enable the VOIP some methodologies and technologies are used so that voice is delivered via internet, LAN of the enterprise and also the WAN of the enterprise (Assem et al. 2013). The Cookie Co. can encapsulate audio through codec into packets of data and transmits them over IP network and also encrypts them back on the receiver end. The company includes VOPI endpoints to dedicated desktop, VOIP over phones and applications of soft phone. Intranet- To secure the network of Cookie Co., the company may use intranet as its private network to keep the data secured within the company. Many interlinked LANs are used in Intranet and leased lines are used in WANs. Connections that are included in an intranet are done by more than one gateway computers to outside internet (Silic and Back 2014). The main motive of an intranet is sharing information of the company and the computing resource among all the employees of the company. To make all the employees work in groups, intranet is used. The Cookie Co. may also use intranet for the purpose of teleconference. TCP/IP and HTTP protocols and also other protocols related to the internet are used by intranet. This helps to keep the internet private from the outside world. Extranet- The Cookie Co. may use another private network which uses the internet technology and public telecommunications so that they are able to securely share the parts of the business information and the operations with all vendors, partners, customers, suppliers and also other businesses. The extranet is considered as a part of Cookie Co.s intranet which is also extended over the users. The network of extranet helps the company to do its online businesses over the internet via secured protocol (Bennett 2014). Using Ethernet, the company can do its selling and buying businesses well with the customers and the retailers. These exchanges are done via EDI (Electronic Data Exchange). By using Ethernet, the company can share their catalogs and menus with their retailers and the customers while doing trade. Cookie Co. can also collaborate with similar other companies to do all the efforts jointly. Training programs can be organized by Cookie Co. with other companies so that they can de velop their business. Ethernet can also help Cookie Co. by enabling the application of online banking so that online transactions can be done smoothly in different branches. Share the news that will commonly profit the company that has partnership with the company. Email- The most important network services is the email service that can be used by the Cookie Co. For interacting with other branches and sending important information regarding the company, email service is the best network that is taken into regards. The webmail enables the users to send and receive electronic-mail from web browsers. The webmail are easily accessible and has a storage device to store all the emails (Prexawanprasut, Chang and McAleer 2015). The emails can be accessed by the employees of the company from anywhere without their usual workplace or location. The user have to login in their email ids and their passwords to view their mails. The email ids are given in Webmail URL in browser field. The emails are not to be downloaded from the website to view them. Data Processing Facilities Data storage Solution: The Data Storage solution that can solve the issues of the Cookie Co. is to shift their network to SAN. SAN is the Storage Area Network which is specialized with a network that is high speed. Storage Area Network provides a network of block-level so that the storage can be accessed. The components of Storage Area Network are switches, hosts, storage device and also storage elements which are connected internally by the use of different topologies, protocols and also various technologies (Muknahallipatna et al. 2014). Multiple sites are spanned using the Storage Area Network. Using Storage Area Network, Cookie Co. can improve their availability of application that is they can use paths with multi data. The SAN network also enhances the performance of the applications that are used in the company. The utilization of storage and the effectiveness is increased by SAN network along with giving data security and protection to all the information that are stored in the network. The main role of SANs is manage the activities of BCM (Business Continuity Management). The Storage Area Network gives storage device to host showing that the storage is locally attached. This helps to simplify the presentation of the storage to host by using different kinds of virtualization process. Cookie Co. gets a high- speed network by using SANs which gives network access to all the storage in block-level. Data processing Model: The model that can be used by Cookie Co. to improve the network and data processing technique is peer to peer model. The peer to peer model provides the company to process the data very efficiently. Mainly three types of models are used in data processing. They are multiple peer relationship, distributed peer relationship and collaborative peer relationship. In multiple peer relationship, all the system in the company are networked or connected with each other via servers and the files are shared and can be collected from other through that network only. The main problem of multiple peer relationship is that they cannot handle data beach security or issues that are related with intellectual property (Zhao 2015). In distributed peer relationship group of computers are combined together for the purpose of processing and computing abilities to surf the internet and also solve problems that are complex. Collaborative peer relationship deals with a small number of people who agrees to mak e collaboration via common interface that includes chat rooms, online learning environment, chat rooms and online gaming. The best model that can be used by Cookie Co. is the distributed peer relationship because it has many branches in different places. The distributed peer relationship model helps to solve complex problems that are related with network and data processing. References Assem, H., Malone, D., Dunne, J. and O'Sullivan, P., 2013, January. Monitoring VoIP call quality using improved simplified E-model. InComputing, networking and communications (ICNC), 2013 international conference on(pp. 927-931). IEEE. Bennett, E.E., 2014. How an intranet provides opportunities for learning organizational culture: Implications for virtual HRD.Advances in Developing Human Resources,16(3), pp.296-319. Muknahallipatna, S., Brothers, T.J., Miles, J. and Johnson, H., 2014. Fibre Channel Switch Modeling at Fibre Channel-2 Level for Large Fabric Storage Area Network Simulations using OMNeT++.GSTF Journal on Computing (JoC),2(1). Parikh, P.P., Sidhu, T.S. and Shami, A., 2013. A comprehensive investigation of wireless LAN for IEC 61850based smart distribution substation applications.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,9(3), pp.1466-1476. Prexawanprasut, T., Chang, C.L. and McAleer, M., 2017.A Generalized Email Classification System for Workflow Analysis(No. TI 2017-066/III). Silic, M. and Back, A., 2014. Shadow ITA view from behind the curtain.Computers Security,45, pp.274-283. Webb, D.J., 2015. Fibre Bragg grating sensors in polymer optical fibres.Measurement Science and Technology,26(9), p.092004. Zhao, J., 2015. Research on Mathematical Model P2P Online Credit Risk Evaluation Based on Data Processing.

The effects of kemerut free essay sample

Item PD 1006 1. Defenition of Teachers refers to all persons engaged in teaching at the elementary and secondary levels, whether on full time or part time basis, including guidance counselor, school librarians, industrial arts or vocational teachers and all other persons performing supervisory and/or administrative functions in all schools in the aforesaid levels and legally qualified to practice teaching under this decree. RA 7836 refers to all persons engaged in teaching at the elementary and secondary levels, whether on full-time or part-time basis, including industrial arts or vocational teachers and all other persons performing supervisory and/or administrative functions in all schools in the aforesaid levels and qualified to practice teaching this act. Observation In RA 7836 guidance counselors and librarians were not mentioned. 2. Teachers Examination PD 1006 a. Scope of Examination The examination shall consist of written tests, the scope of which shall be determined by the board, taking into consideration the teaching plan of the schoos legally constituted in the Philippines. We will write a custom essay sample on The effects of kemerut or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page RA 7836 The examination for the elementary and secondary school teachers shall be separate. The examination for teachers in the elementary level shall consist of two (2) parts, namely: professional education and general education. The examination for teachers in the secondary level shall consist of three parts namely: Professional education, general education, and field of specialization. Observation In PD 1006 there was no specific assignment where a teacher could teach. They just let a teacher take the exam. While in the RA 7836 theres already a specific category where an examiner can take the exam depends on what specialization the teacher has finished. b. Qualification Requirement PD 1006 No applicant shall be admitted to take the examination unless, on the date of filing of the application, he shall have complied with the following requirements: a. Except those who have been engaged in teaching as herein defined for at least five years in schools in the Philippines not organized exclusively for nationals of a foreign country at the time of the effectivity of thios decree, the applicant must be a citizen of the Philippines; b. That he is of good moral character; c. That he is free from any physical and/or mental defect which will incapacitate him to render efficient service; and. d. That he possesses the following minimum educational qualifications. For teachers in the kindergarten and elementary grades, Bachelors degree in Elementary Education (B.S. E. Ed. ) or its equivalent; 2. For teachers of the secondary school, bachelors degree in education or its equivalent with a major and minor or a Bachelors degree in Arts or Sciences with at least eighteen units in professional education. All application shall be filed with an office or offices designated by the board, preferalby the offices of the Civil Service Commission and the Department of Education and Culture. These offices shall screen and approve such applicatios and issue the corresponding permits to take the the examination to quality applicants. RA 7836 a. A citizen of the Philippines or an alien whose country has reciprocity with the Philippines in the practice of the teaching professio; b. At least 18 years of age; c. In good health and of good reputation with high moral values; d. Has not been covicted by final judgement by a court for an offense involving multiple turpitude; e. A graduate of a school, college or university recognized by the government and possesses the minimum educational qualifications, as follows: 1. For teachers in pre-school, a bachelors degree in early childhood education (BECED) or its equivalent; 2. For teachers in the elementary grades, a bachelors degree in elementary education (BSEED) or its equivalent. 3. For teachers in the secondary grades, a bachelors degree in education or its equivalent with a major or minor or a bachelors degree in arts and science with at least 10 units in professional education; and. 4. For teachers of vocational and two-year technical courses, a bachelors degree in the field of specialization or its equivalent with at least 18 units in professional education. Observation In PD 1006 theres no age requirement unlike with RA 7836 an applicant must be 18 years of age. Becomes stricter when it comes to criminal report of an applicant There was no Early Childhood Education before c. Ratings PD 1006 In order that a candidate may be deemed to have successfully passed the examinations, he must have obtained a general average of at least 70% in all subject with no ratings below 50% in any subject Observation: There is no Ratings discussed in the RA 7836 d. Report of resultsPD 1006 The examiners shall report the ratings obtained by each candidate to the board within 150 days after the last day of the examination, unless extended by the latter. RA 7836 The board shall, within 120 days after the examination, report the ratings obtained by each candidate to the Professional Regulation Commission for approval and appropriate action. Observation In PD 1006, It is the examiner who will report their ratings to the board within 150 days. The board is the one who will report the ratings to the PRC for approval and appropriate action. 3. National Board for teachersPD 1006 1. Secretary of Education and culture 2. Chairman, Civil Service Commission 3. Commissioner, PRC 4. Two members representing the private sector to be appointed by the president Board for professional TeachersPD 1006 None RA 7836 There is hereby created under this Act a Board for professional Teachers, hereinafter called the Board, a collegial body under the general supervision and administrative control of the PRC, hereinafter referred to as the Commission, composed of 5 members who shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines from among the recommendees shall be from the list of nominees selected by the accredited association of teachers, who duly possess all the qualifications prescribed in Sec. The chairmen and the vice-chairman of the board shall be appointed from these 5 members by the president: provided, that these members of the board appointed under this act shall be automatically registered as professional teachers and issued with the certificate of registration and professional license upon paymant of the fees for examination, registration and other fees prescribed by the commission. 5. Cause of revocation of certificate or license PD 1006 None The board shall have the power, after due notice and hearing to suspend or revoke the certificate of registration of any registrant to reprimand or to cancel the temporary permit of the holder thereof who is exempt from registration for any of the ff causes: a. conviction for any criminal offense by a court of competent jurisdiction; b. Immoral, unprofessional or dishonorable conduct; c. Declartion by a court of compentent jurisdiction for being mentally unsound or insane; d. Malpractice, gross incompetence, gross neglegence or serious ignorance of the practice of the teaching profession; e. The use of or perpetration of any fraud or deceit in obtaining a certificate of registration, professional license or specially/ temporary permit f. Chronic enibriery or habitual use of drugs; g. Violation of any provisions of this act, the rules and regulations and other policies of the board and the commission, and the code of ethical and professional standards for professional teachers; and h. Unjustified or willful failure to attend seminars, workshop, conferences and the like or the continuing education program prescribed by the board and the commission. The decision of the board to revokeor suspend a certificate may be appealed to the regional trial court of the place where the board holds office within 15 days from receipt of the said decision or the denial or the motion or reconsideration filed in due time.

Scharffen Berger Chocolate Maker

Computer Espionage Example

Computer Espionage Example Computer Espionage – Coursework Example Module Computer Espionage There are different steps that any organization can take to reduce the possibility of its data being infiltrated. While these steps may not completely prevent any theft of information assets by various sources, they drastically reduce the chances of this taking place. In the first place, the company in question should seek to ensure that it has recognized and categorized all confidential data. What can be identified as confidential information may include workers records systems and consumer information systems such as account numbers, personal identification numbers, security numbers, and credit card numbers. The next step is to ensure that the present information flows are closely examined, and a risk assessment is performed. The organization should also establish what will be considered to be the appropriate channels of usage and access, and determine policies regarding information distribution, which will be regularly checked by an enforcement system (Ca rr 61). The organization can then establish a system that allows it to be able to monitor the progress of this risk analysis project on a regular basis. 2. Mutualy assured destruction is descriptive of any severe damage that Superpower nations inflict on each other. The weapon used to inflict this damage would be of nuclear origin. Cyber war cannot be said to be an asset that could be used in mutually assured destruction because it does not follow conventional practices of war. The activation of enemy viruses is not something that would result in mushroom clouds, double light flashes, and the large scale dissemination of radiation. Furthermore, cyberwarfare need not be engaged in by only superpowers (Carr 67). Ordinary computer technicians from nations all over the world are the individuals who periodically unleash viruses on definite institutions or nations. Cyberwarfare is, as it would seem, an equal opportunity employer that could result in the destruction or interference of syst ems belonging to any civilian or nation in the world. Work CitedCarr, Jeffrey. Inside Cyber Warfare: Mapping the Cyber Underworld. California: OReilly Media, 2009. Print. Computer Espionage Example Computer Espionage – Coursework Example Module Computer Espionage There are different steps that any organization can take to reduce the possibility of its data being infiltrated. While these steps may not completely prevent any theft of information assets by various sources, they drastically reduce the chances of this taking place. In the first place, the company in question should seek to ensure that it has recognized and categorized all confidential data. What can be identified as confidential information may include workers records systems and consumer information systems such as account numbers, personal identification numbers, security numbers, and credit card numbers. The next step is to ensure that the present information flows are closely examined, and a risk assessment is performed. The organization should also establish what will be considered to be the appropriate channels of usage and access, and determine policies regarding information distribution, which will be regularly checked by an enforcement system (Ca rr 61). The organization can then establish a system that allows it to be able to monitor the progress of this risk analysis project on a regular basis. 2. Mutualy assured destruction is descriptive of any severe damage that Superpower nations inflict on each other. The weapon used to inflict this damage would be of nuclear origin. Cyber war cannot be said to be an asset that could be used in mutually assured destruction because it does not follow conventional practices of war. The activation of enemy viruses is not something that would result in mushroom clouds, double light flashes, and the large scale dissemination of radiation. Furthermore, cyberwarfare need not be engaged in by only superpowers (Carr 67). Ordinary computer technicians from nations all over the world are the individuals who periodically unleash viruses on definite institutions or nations. Cyberwarfare is, as it would seem, an equal opportunity employer that could result in the destruction or interference of syst ems belonging to any civilian or nation in the world. Work CitedCarr, Jeffrey. Inside Cyber Warfare: Mapping the Cyber Underworld. California: OReilly Media, 2009. Print.

Media Meanings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media Meanings - Essay Example Whether we care to admit it or not, there is a great deal of truth behind the statement that we are what the media tells us we are. â€Å"Much of what we share, and what we know, and even what we treasure, is carried to us each second in a plasma of electrons, pixels and ink, underwritten by multinational advertising agencies dedicated to attracting our attention for entirely nonaltruistic reasons† (Twitchell 468). This is achieved to great extent through the process of semiotics. Essentially, ‘semiotics’ is a term used to indicate the process of sign analysis in a given culture for indications of meaning at varying levels. â€Å"Semiology therefore aims to take in any system of signs, whatever their substance and limits; images, gestures, musical sounds, objects, and the complex associations of all these, which form the content of ritual, convention or public entertainment: these constitute, if not languages, at least systems of signification† (Barthes, 19 64). Thus, it refers to any combination of contextual clues, such as language, image, color, shape, expression or placement, that are combined together in order to communicate a specific sense of meaning to a particular cultural group. Understanding the language of semiotics and myth, advertisements such as Intel’s advertisement for its Duo Core 2 processor can be analyzed for their more subtle communicative effects. Primary elements included in any discussion of semiotics include signifiers, signified and sign. The sign is the end product created through the combined forces of the signifier and the signified. The signifier can be described as â€Å"the form which the sign takes† (Chandler, 2006). This is different from the signified, which refers to â€Å"the concept it [the signifier] represents† (Chandler, 2006). Basically, the signifier is the most basic idea – the physical presence of a flower. The

Parental Involvement (chapter 4) Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10750 words

Parental Involvement (chapter 4) - Dissertation Example Parenting may be considered as natural for everyone, as most people underwent parental care during childhood and adolescence. However, there are still programs in which the goal is to bring out the best in parenting, concerning students whose problems derail them from performing academically. Table 13a focuses on the number of respondents that were able to participate in Parental Involvement workshops. According to the survey, 58 respondents (35%) answered that there were workshops or courses for parent involvement offered by the school district. However, there are 108 respondents (64%) who answered that there were no workshops or courses that concern parent involvement. For those have had the privilege to attend and participate in Parent Involvement workshops, the number of workshops last year varied. There are 21 respondents (12%) that were able to participate in 1 workshop while there were 88 respondents (52%) who were active, attending 2-3 workshops for Parent Involvement.

Info technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Info technology - Essay Example On the other hand, integration of information system with the information systems causes need for expertise in order to deal with challenges faced during the business operations. Conceptualization of the business information systems establishes three divisions, which include Transactional Processing Systems (TPS), Management Information Systems (MIS) and Expert systems. MIS is divided into other sub-divisions, which include Decision Support System (DSS) that refers to a business application that analyzes and presents data in order to assist in business decision-making process. Therefore, through DSS the business utilizes the integration of business with information systems. In this case, the business uses the information systems to make informed decisions rationally in a timely manner. Businesses employ different categories of Information System to present data that are gathered from transactions, and for making decisions on certain areas of the business. For example, the business uses the information systems to record the sales transaction on account, which is used to determine the customers that are credit worthy. Therefore, Information system is applicable in numerous levels of business organization. On the other hand, DSS is use by the management in making strategic decisions in departments that deal with sales and marketing, supply and procurement. In addition, business applies IS in making tactical decisions, especially by the supervisors who are involved in daily operational decisions. In this case, the most significant reason for integrating the business with information system is to provide relevant information to be applied in decision-making, which is needed for the achieving a competitive advantage. Information System is applied as a tool in order to institutionalize decision, and this facilitates intelligent decision-making.  Therefore, Information

Effect Of Celebrity Endorsements On Brands Marketing Essay

Effect Of Celebrity Endorsements On Brands Marketing Essay Friedman and Friedman mentioned a celebrity endorser is an individual who is known by the public for his or her achievements in areas other than that of the product class endorsed. Celebrity Endorsements 20% of all advertisements in India are endorsed by celebrities (Prakash, 2012). In support of the observation, a research shows that celebrity endorsements results in more favorable advertisement ratings and brand evaluations (Dean and Biswas, 2001) and can have a substantial positive impact on financial returns for the companies that use them (Erdogan, 2001). Though, celebrity endorsement is not a new phenomenon in India, with Hindustan Lever using super stars consistently for its Lux brand over the years. The number of celebrities endorsing brands has risen significantly in the past 20 years in India. Celebrities like Sachin Tendulkar, Amitabh Bachchan and Shahrukh Khan have become the advertisers favorite bet. Advertising professionals in India believe that there are two situations in which celebrity endorsements can be effective. Lifestyle products like Raymonds, Vimal etc. where celebrity epitomizes that kind of lifestyle. And in situations where customers are not sure about the product and testimonials by celebrities tend to provide required assurance. However, in this case the match between the product and the celebrity needs to be perfect. According to Paul Nayyar, a celebrity endorsement is used to achieve two ends to get your products noticed and to show that it is tried and tested. (Prakash, 2012). Some industry insiders believe that a celebrity endorsement is effective only when it is in congruence with the product. Theory and practice prove that the use of super stars in advertising generates a lot of publicity and attention from the public (Ohanian 1991). One might think that using a celebrity in a product/service endorsement means guaranteed success for the brand, but this is not always the case. While many companies had used a celebrity at one point or the other to endorse its product/service, only few of them have been successful in building a brand and generating long term revenues through the tactic. Objective To study the phenomenon of celebrity endorsements for Brands and various consumer behavior models associated with it. Examine the effect of celebrity endorsements on brands. Approach A three step approach has been taken to achieve the objectives of the study. Literature review to understand the various theories and phenomenon describing the use of celebrity in advertisements. Survey analysis to understand the consumer perception of image of various celebrities seen today in Indian advertising vis-à  -vis the image of the brands they endorse. Analyze the performance of these brands in the light of their image match with their respective celebrities. Survey Analysis: Online survey was designed to gather the consumer perception of the image of the various celebrities and the image of their endorsed products. Respondents were shown clips of the advertisements from the past and asked about the recall and likeability of these ads. Link to the survey is https://qtrial.qualtrics.com/SE/?SID=SV_ermlGxDswznQJk9 Detailed questionnaire is attached here for reference. Assumption: Market share of the brand can be taken as a reasonable estimator of the performance of the brand when the industry has not seen any major changes. 4. Literature Review Celebrities have been used in advertising since late nineteenth century and since then a considerable amount of research has been done in this domain. Studies on Celebrity endorsements have been undertaken to establish source credibility and attractiveness models in advertising. These studies suggest that celebrities exert their influence on consumers through perceived attributes like expertise, trustworthiness, attractiveness, familiarity and likeability (Ohanian 1990, 1991). Another concept in theory which defines the effect of celebrities on brands is termed as the match-up hypothesis. It examines the match (or fit) between the product being endorsed and the celebrity used. According to Kahle and Komer 1985; Kamins 1990 and Till and Bustler 2000, match-up hypothesis maintains that an endorsement is more effective when the image or characteristics of the celebrity are well matched with the endorsed product.Friedman and Friedman (1979) concluded that the better the celebrity/product fit, as perceived by consumers, the higher the level of endorsement effectiveness. Till and Busler (2000) found that celebrity/product fit was effective for only certain measures of effectiveness such as brand attitude, but not for other measures such as purchase intention. McGuire (1969-1987) said that one of the most reliable effects found in communication research is that expert and/or trustworthy sources are more persuasive than sources that are seen as having less expertise and trustworthiness. The literature also implies that celebrities add value through the process of meaning transfer (McCracken 1986, 1989). The meaning transfer model posits that celebrities develop a persona through the types of roles they play in society as well as how they are portrayed in the media. McCracken (1989) inferred that the endorsement effectiveness depends on the meaning that the celebrity brings to the endorsement process. He described the whole Meaning Transfer process in three stages. In the initial stage, the meanings generated from distant movie performances, or athletic achievements and performances reside in celebrities. In the second stage, meanings are transferred to the product through an advertisement process. In the third stage, the meanings are transf erred from the product to the consumer, where the properties of the product become the properties of the consumer. A review of the literature revealed following other key predictors for the success of a celebrity endorsement: Celebrity performance: It refers to the achievement of a celebrity in their chosen profession. When a celebrity fails to perform acceptably, as defined by consumers, a celebrity endorsers effectiveness tends to decline (Agrawal Kamakura 1995). Celebrity credibility: Source credibility can be defined as a communicators positive characteristics that affect the receivers acceptance of a message (Ohanian 1990). Celebrity expertise: Subjects exposed to a source perceived as expert exhibit more agreement with the sources recommendation than did those exposed to a source with low expertise (Ohanian 1990). Celebrity trustworthiness: Miller and Baseheart (1969) found that a highly opinionated message from a highly trustworthy communicator produces an effective attitude change, while non-trusted communicators impact proved immaterial. Celebrity attractiveness: The source-attractiveness model suggests that the attractiveness of any source is determined by the communication receivers perceptions of the sources similarity, familiarity, and likeability. Likeability includes factors like Physical appearance, personality and social status. When consumers perceive a celebrity as similar to them and if they are familiar with and like the celebrity, they will tend to find the celebrity more attractive. Joseph (1982) in his study on endorsers attractiveness concluded that attractive endorsers deliver a more positive impact on the products they endorse as compared to less attractive endorsers. Caballero et al. (1989) in his study even observed that endorser attractiveness had no effect on advertising effectiveness. Balance Theory Fritz Heider developed Balance Theory to show how people develop relationships with things and other people in the environment. It says that if people see a set of cognitive elements as being a system, then they will have a preference to maintain a balanced state among these elements. People are motivated to restore a position of balance if there is discomfort. Fritz Heiders Balance Theory explains the effectiveness of celebrity endorsements when a well-liked celebrity uses a product.   The balance theory states that people like balance in their lives and if they have a positive attitude towards a celebrity and they see that celebrity using a certain product or service, then they will likely have a positive attitude toward the product or service as well.   The Principle of Attractiveness says that people are more likely to listen to a message from someone they find attractive. Conversely, a celebrity with a poor image can damage harm a brand.   This phenomenon is explained below in the risks of using a celebrity. Figure : Balance Theory The Match-up Hypothesis Literature reveals that a spokesperson interacts with the type of brand being advertised. According to Friedman and Friedman (1979), a famous person relative to a normalspokesperson is more effective for products high in psychological or social risk, involving such elements as good taste, self-image, and opinion of others. Till and Busler 1998, Martin 1996, Till and Shimp 1998 have examined the congruency between celebrity endorsers and brands to explain the effectiveness of using famous persons to promote brands. Results show that a number of celebrity endorsements proved very successful, whereas others completely failed, resulting in the termination of the respective celebrity communicator (Walker et al.1992) The Meaning Transfer Model McCracken (1989) explains the effectiveness of celebrity spokespersons by assessing the meanings consumers associate with the endorser and eventually transfer to the brand. The model suggests three stages. First, the meaning associated with the famous person moves from the endorser to the product or brand. Thus, meanings attributed to the celebrity become associated with the brand in the consumers mind. Finally, in the consumption process, the brands meaning is acquired by the customer. The third stage of the model explicitly shows the importance of theconsumers role in the process of endorsing brands with famous persons. Figure : Meaning Transfer Model Source: McCracken, 1989 paper on Meaning Transfer Model Celebrities contain a broad range of meanings, involving demographic categories (e.g. age, gender, status), personality and lifestyle types. Madonna, for example, is perceived as tough, intense and modern women, and is associated with the lower middle class (Walker et al. 1992). Risk of using Celebrities The celebrity may overshadow the product being endorsed High ad recall but less brand recall and intentions to purchase. The 1996 BPL ad featuring Amitabh Bachchan is a classic example of the phenomenon. People recalled Amitabh Bachchan more than BPL in the advertisement. The celebrity being overexposed, reducing his or her credibility -Some spokespersons promote more than one brand.eg: Golf champion Tiger Woods has endorsed Accenture, Rolex, and Nike. Tripp et al. (1994),suggested that endorsing as many as four products negatively influences the celebrity spokespersons credibility and likeability. These effects are independent of the celebrity, i.e. even the most liked stars can fall a prey to this phenomenon. Though these findings are found to be valid, the concept of multiple product endorsements is still prevalent in advertising. The target audience may not be receptive to celebrity endorsers: Effect of region and culture on the selection of the celebrity for a product. In 2006 saw a surprising move from KSDL which roped in MS Dhoni as brand ambassador to endorse the soap. The purpose was to attract new generation. But it does not go along well and the entire campaign proved to be very ordinary. The celebritys behavior may pose a risk to the company: Since repeated pairings of a brand and celebrity strengthen the associative link consumers establish between brand and celebrity, negative information about the celebrity may negatively impact the endorsed brand (ErdoganBaker 2000). Post-scandal, that global consulting firm Accenture dropped Woods as a spokesman and Procter Gambles Gillette also announced limiting Woods presence in its advertisements. 5. Survey and Advertisement Analysis For the purpose of analysis we chose two sectors in India Telecom sector and beverage industry in India. Primary motivation behind choosing these sectors was that no major/radical change has happened in the time period considered in these sectors. Airtel and Idea were chosen in the Telecom sector and Thumps up and Pepsi was chosen in the beverages category. We listed down various celebrities who have endorsed these brands in the past and asked consumers about the image perception of these celebrities and the image perception of these brands. Following celebrities were considered Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Abhishek Bachchan, Ranbir Kapoor, Shahrukh Khan, Deepika Padukone, Akshay Kumar and Salman Khan. Picture below presents the perception map of the various celebrities on a set of pre-defined dimensions. Figure : Perception Map of Celebrities Figure : Perceptual Map of Brands 6. Airtel Ad Campaigns Power to keep in touch (1995-98): This era saw the beginning of mobile communication in India. Only the elite in society that could afford to keep mobile phones. Hence, it position itself in the premium category aimed at high class society. Express Yourself (2003-08):This campaign was successfully launched taking the ownership of the entire space of telecommunication and strengthening the emotional bond that Airtel had established with its customers over the years. It highlights the capability of Airtel in terms of performance and network coverage. Dil jo chaahe paas laaye (2010-2012):With the spread of Airtel in over 19 countries, Airtel decided to change its message decision strategy. The new brand logo was launched with the intention of bringing the brand closer to its consumers and as a symbol which will help ensure instant recognition across diverse international markets. Jo mera hai woh tera (2012):Airtel has launched ad campaign on Friendship day targeting youth and showcasing itself as a brand which brings friends closer.  Although the craft of friendship has been deployed by all and sundry in their  communication strategies  , the difference is in the creative rendition of the theme. Celebrity Endorsement Shahrukh Khan got attached with brand in the year 2002. The reason of taking him was that Shahrukh Khans core values of being a self-made actor with his success glamour and hence would connect more to the masses. Sachin Tendulkar got associated with the brand in October 2003. His dedication, innocence and performance are today seen as a driver of self-identification amongst the masses and hence he was roped in. Also, Sachin and Airtel both are leaders having similar values and personality traits like trustworthiness, friendliness, youthfulness and trend-setters. In the years 2003-2007 mainly three celebrities were used SachinTendular, Sharukh Khan, A.R. Rehman. All the three are the leaders in their respective fields, so is AIRTEL. VidyaBalan and Madhavan were used as celebrities in the year 2008. Spontaneity and vibrancy are key attributes of Airtel. VidyaBalan is a hugely talented actress who brings a lot of freshness and naturalness to any role. Madhavan is a big superstar in the southern region. Hence Airtel picks him up to connate leadership. Saif and Kareena were also used as celebrities endorsing the brand for the year 2008. Source Attractiveness and Credibility Airtel has used various celebrities at various times. All these celebrities have gone well with its brand image which it has tried to portray time to time. Shahrukh Khans one of the brand endorser has core values of being a self-made actor with his success glamour and goes well with the attributes of the brand. Perceived social value of source likability in terms of physical appearance and social status is high. Also, public has familiarity with the source and hence people are able to relate to the brand. Image characteristics Match Following Brand characteristics and celebrity characteristics were arrived at using the survey results and secondary data. Figure : Image Match up Airtel Balance Theory Figure : Balance Theory Airtel http://telecomtalk.info/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/airtel-srk.jpg Hence the image of Shahrukh Khan doesnt actually match with the image of Airtel. The success of Airtel and its consistent market share can be attributed to the source attractiveness and credibility principle. Airtel has been able to sustain very high market share over the year. Figure : Market Share Airtel Years 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Market Share (% terms) 22.4 23.7 24 21.8 20 Source: Crisil Research 7. Idea Cellular Till 2007, Ideas ads were highlighting its tariff plans and network coverage. They were focused on its network coverage and promotional packages. A Good Idea Campaign (2006): Ideas promotions in 2006 were based on its tariffs, service quality, and network coverage. In 2007, Idea shifted its focus to using mobile telephony to solve social issues. Idea also developed several websites to support its ads based on social issues. Idea chose to promote its brand where as its competitors focused on promoting their value added services and tariff plans. An Idea can change your life, A good Idea, and What an Idea! (2007-11): These campaigns, based on social issues (Education for all, language barrier, Use mobile save paper) that could be solved using mobile telephony, were acclaimed for their creativity. Celebrity endorser Abhishek Bachchan was used for all these ad campaigns. Celebrity Endorsement Idea roped in Abhishek Bachchan to endorse its brand in October 2007 to expand its geographical presence to cover several telecom circles in India. In the past Idea has also tied up with Indian Premier League (IPL) cricket team, Mumbai Indians, and popular players like Sachin Tendulkar and Zaheer Khan were used to promote the brand. Comments Analysts felt that using Bachchan, one of the leading movie actors in India who is extremely popular among youngsters, was one of the reasons for the significant improvement in Ideas brand recall. However, some experts felt that while Ideas ad campaigns were creative and improved its brand recall, there was nothing in the ads that would attract a customer of its competitors or a new subscriber. They felt that Idea should have promoted the unique selling points of its products and services in the ads rather than only projecting the uses of mobile telephony. Source Attractiveness and Credibility Perceived social value of source likability in terms of physical appearance and social status is high. Also, public has familiarity with the source and hence brand recall is high as people are able to relate to the brand. Image characteristics Match Following Brand characteristics and celebrity characteristics were arrived at using the survey results and secondary data. Figure : Image Match up Idea Figure : Market Share Idea Years 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Market Share (% terms) 8.4 9.2 9.9 10.0 11.0 If we look at the market share of Idea is has not increased significantly over the years. Though the celebrity status of Abhishek Bhachchan has been able to generate a good recall (also supported by our survey results), it has not been able to convert to the brand purchase, due to the image mismatch with the brand. Balance Theory Figure : Balance Theory Idea https://encrypted-tbn3.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQedzqyWQGKf4QQ-BIgLfhU9rxl9HB5o6bSN3iLxL3ouvDpkhLW 8. Thumps Up Thumps Up has always been about a highly glorified, desirable world of masculinity that every youngster seeks. This comes from the characteristics of the product itself which is a harder, less sweetened, more raw cola, as compared to the almost toned-down nature of its competitors. Campaigns through the years Happy days are here again (1977 1980): Positioned as a refreshing drink, emphasized on happiness. Taste the Thunder Campaign (1988 2012): Initially positioned as an individualistic masculine brand, but over the years went on to add adventure, confidence and playfulness. It was used to connect with the young Indian male. This campaign featured Salman Khan, Sunil Shetty and Akshay Kumar over the years. Khatron Ke Khiladi (KKK) show on Colors Channel (2011):  Thums Up was the title sponsor for the show. The show was completely integrated with brand Thums Up from the concept to approach as it had adventure and daring stunts. Also, Akshay Kumar, who is Thums Ups brand ambassador, hosted the show. Aaj Kuch Toofani karte hain (2012):  In this campaign, the brand challenges its loyalists to push the envelope and do something daring or toofani. It urges its consumers to Live the Thunder and unlock the new code of masculinity. The television commercial features South Indian actor Mahesh Babu, Dhaval Thakur (winner of Khatron ke Khiladi 2011), Sahil Shroff (actor) and Angela Jonsson (model who appeared on Kingfisher Calendar). Celebrity Endorsements Thums Up has been using celebrities to endorse its brand through the years. It picked up action heroes like Salman Khan, Sunil Shetty and Akshay Kumar. For the Andhra Pradesh region which is the biggest market for the brand they roped in their most revered star Chiranjeevi. Recently they got the latest sensation in Andhra Pradesh, Mahesh Babu to endorse the brand.   1999 2000: Salman Khan 1999 2000: Sunil Shetty 2002 2012: Akshay Kumar 2012: Mahesh Babu Image characteristics Match Following Brand characteristics and celebrity characteristics were arrived at using the survey results and secondary data. Figure : Image Match Up Thumps Up In 2002, Akshay Kumar was roped in as the brand ambassador and the brand continued to strengthen its position as a Male Iconic Brand through consistent positioning. His training in martial arts and his raw, rugged looks have enhanced the coolness and macho quotient of the brand. According to the survey results, Thums Up Ad featuring Akshay Kumar had better recall than the ad featuring Salman Khan. This can probably be explained by the image characteristics associated with the brand. They are more in sync with the image characteristics of Akshay Kumar. Figure : Balance Theory Thums Up The market share of Thums Up increased in 2009. It was when they launched a new campaign that took the whole idea of I Will Do Anything for My Thunder attitude of the Indian male to the next level with Akshay Kumar in the commercials. Figure : Market Share Thums Up Brand 2008 2009 2010 2011 Thumps Up 14.9 16.3 16.7 16.5 Source: Euromonitor 9. Pepsi Pepsi is a brand that stands for its youthfulness, irreverence, and dare for more spirit. Pepsi has always introduced new youth expressions as part of its campaign launches. Popular Pepsi lines have reflected the young generations attitude and values besides standing for an irreverent point of view. Campaigns through the years and Celebrity Endorsements YehiHai Right Choice Baby Aha (1991): This campaign with stars and glamour was an adaptation of an international Pepsi campaign. It featured Aamir Khan, MahimaChaudhary and AishwaryaRai. Yeh Dil Maange More (1999 2006): This campaign sought to establish Pepsi as a strong brand with Indian youth and the phrase became a runaway success. The ads featured prominent sports personalities and film stars, such as  Sachin Tendulkar,  Shahrukh Khan,  AmitabhBachchan. Yeh Pyaas Hai Badi (2005): With a peppy jingle Oye Bubbly to spearhead the campaign, Pepsi latched on to the tagline, YehPyaasHaiBadi. It was mainly promoted through Shah Rukh Khan, PreityZintaandSaif Ali Khan. The campaign was all about a bigger thirst to get more out of life. It was about the assertive spirit and confidence of the youth to make things happen. Yeh Hai Youngistan Meri Jaan (2008): This campaign attempted to capture not only the youth attitude but also the great sense of optimism, success and buzz about India and the Indian youth. With the Youngistaan campaign Pepsi branded the new generation. As the name suggests, it represented a world of the youth, where the young generation likes to be in control. It brought forward their never failing attitude, their desire to take on challenges and the power to turn things around. The Youngistaan idea captured the energy, excitement and irreverence of the young confident India. For this campaign Pepsi signed on fresh faces like RanbirKapoor and DeepikaPadukone. My Pepsi My Way (2009): Reiterating its connect with cricket and the youth, PepsiCo rolled out a this campaign featuring five cricketers: MS Dhoni, VirenderSehwag, Ishant Sharma, Robin Uthappa and Praveen Kumar, playing cricket on boats. Through this campaign brand Pepsi provoked the youth to take on any situation and use their mental smarts to effortlessly find their way through any given situation. Youngistan ka Wow (2010): While keeping the brand identity of youthfulness intact, this campaign of Pepsi took forward the concept of Youngistaan. The campaign featured RanbirKapoor. Recently, Pepsi has dropped Sachin Tendulkar and Shah Rukh Khan as its brand endorsers because now they have grown old and do not go well with the Youngistan concept. The new Indian youth and the brand image of Pepsi now relates more with the next generation of young stars and cricketers. The brand has been endorsed by the celebrities (like RanbirKapoor, DeepikaPadukone and young cricket stars) that match up with its image since 2008. The highly relevant characteristics of these endorsers are consistent with the highly relevant attributes of the brand. Image characteristics Match Brand attributes of Pepsi go well with the image of Ranbir Kapoor more than the image of Shahrukh Khan and it is evident from the increase in market share at the time when Ranbir Kapoor was roped in as the celebrity endorser for Pepsi. Following Brand characteristics and celebrity characteristics were arrived at using the survey results and secondary data. Figure : Image Match up Pepsi Figure : Market Share Pepsi Brand 2008 2009 2010 2011 Pepsi 14.5 14.9 14.9 15.0 Source: Euromonitor There was an increase in the market share from 2008 to 2009. This was the period when the Youngistan campaign was launched with Ranbir Kapoor as the new generation brand ambassador whose image of youthfulness, self-belief and smartness is consistent with the brand image. Balance Theory Figure : Balance Theory Pepsi https://encrypted-tbn2.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTCAtyimm0Mgl7jziXUgpURskhEH8XElW3zuM2_PjXcyPFFMrYcTw 10. Implications for Marketers Celebrities endorsements have not always been successful and even the biggest of the celebrities have failed to bring the desired revenues to the companies. It is essential for an advertiser to be aware of the complex processes associated with the celebrity endorsement. Our report provides insights into the various models in the celebrity endorsements and assesses them in Indian context. Insights from the report can help marketers decide when to use a celebrity and when celebrity endorsements pay off. This will help in optimizing the spending on the advertisements.

Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut :: Harrison Bergeron Essays

1. Define 'satire' and provide one example of personal or social satire that yoou have encountered. You may use any source for your example:TV, media, news editorials, movies, comedy, etc. Satire can be defined as any work in which a human vice or folly is attacked with irony or sarcasm. An example of satire can be found in the song "When the President Talks to God" by Bright Eyes. In this song, the lyrics lay out hypothetical conversations between the President and God, which mocks current President George W. Bush and his use of strong religious influence while in office. 2. In a well-developed p-graph, I.D. and explain at least one symbol vonnegut presents in the story. Explain how he uses the symbol and what the symbol represents some other entity in the story. In the story, Harrison Bergeron represents many symbols. A major symbolic moment occurs when Harrison breaks away from his chains. This represents Harrison's freedom. 3. In the story, what is the purpose of 'handicaps' and how do they keep people equal? Handicaps can be defined as a hinderance that gives a disadvantage. In the story Harrison Bergeron, handicaps are given to anyone considered to be pretty, smart, and out of the ordinary. Masks are worn so beauty is hidden, an ear piece prevents intelligent thought, and the extraordinary are chained up. 4. Explain the role Diana Moon Glampers plays in the story and describe the authority she possesses over the people. Diana Moon Glampers plays the Handicapper General. Basically, she is large and in charge. Diana has the power of to control the life and death of everyone in the story, and this is shown. 5. Explain why Hazel Bergeron is not plagued with frequent brain blasts like her husband. Hazel Bergeron does not need a handicap to prevent her from having intelligent thoughts like her husband simply because she is not as smart as he is. 6. In a p-graph, write a brief character sketch of Harrison Bergeron. Include not only his physical appearance, but the emotional characteristic which leads him to behave so bizarrely. Putting Harrison Bergeron's seven-foot stature asside, he appears to be what we would call normal today. 7. This story has a well-developed theme which Vonnegut parodies against certain American beliefs. In a paragraph or two, explain what you believe the theme of this story is.

French Revolution Timeline Essay

What was the meeting of the Estate General? The estates General met very seldom. Their last meeting was in 1614. The Estates General met back in 1789 in Versailles. They met back because government was in a serious crisis. France was bankrupt and Louis XVI needed the Estates General opinion on what to do next. What was the importance of The Meeting of the Estates General? The importance of the Meeting of the Estates General was to give Louis XVI some judgement on what to do next for the debt that France has to pay. Louis XVI, new director the treasury. Jacques Necker hoped that the meeting of the Estates General would help France raise some money. In hope of the Estates General siding with the king gave the Estates General the power to change taxes. The Estates General did not agree with the king. Tennis court Oath: June 1789 What was the Tennis Court Oath? A pledge made by the Third Estate of the Estates General at the Royal Tennis Court that states that they will continue to meet until France has a new form of government. What was the importance of the Tennis Court Oath? Louis backed down and had all three estates in the Estates General. It was one-step closer to winning the French Revolution. Storming of the Bastille: 1789 What was the Storming of the Bastille? On July 14, 1789, a great mob attacked the royal prison known as the â€Å"Bastille.† There were 7 prisoners that were released. The mob cut off the head of the governors and paraded through the streets. What was the importance of the Storming of the Bastille? The fall of the Bastille frightened Louis to agreeing to send his solders away. The citizens formed a new army called the â€Å"National Guard† to keep order in Paris. The Great Fear: 1789 What was the Great Fear? The great fear was when peasants began to feel that the king’s soldiers and the aristocrats would stop the revolution. These feeling resulted to the â€Å"Great Fear.† The peasants stormed the chà ¢teau of the aristocrats. They burned down the chà ¢teaux, killed hundreds of people, invaded their offices and burned feudal obligations to their lords. What was the importance of the Great Fear? The split of the revolution spread wildly to the countrysides, and serfs rose up and fought to end the feudal system. Women’s March: October, 1789 What was the Women’s March? The Women’s March was hundreds of women marching to Versailles because of food crisis and they think that the government needed to come to Paris instead of being isolated in Versailles. What was the importance of the Women’s March? The importance of the Women’s March was to get the queen and king to come back to Paris and solve their crisis or troubles involving women declaring for women’s rights. National Assembly pass laws: 1789 What laws were passed by the National Assembly? The laws that the National Assembly passed were: †¢ Abolished all feudal rights, privileges, and ended serfdom. †¢ Passed the Declaration of the Rights of man and the citizen. What was the importance of these laws? The importance of these laws was: †¢ Feudal rights allowed royalty to take advantage of the serfs. This ended. †¢ Gave basic human needs to the everyday citizens. Monarchy tries to Escape/ Monarchy Overthrown: 1791 How did the Monarchy try to escape? How was the Monarchy overthrown? In 1791, the queen, king and children tried to escape from the country to bring back the monarchy. The royal family was recognized and arrested so Louis was forced to accept the constitution and was tried for his crimes and guillotined on January 21, 1793. What was the importance of overthrowing the Monarchy? A republic began known as the Reign of Terror, which happed from 1793 to 1794. it was the end of monarchy. King Louis XVI is guillotined/ Republic is established: 1793 Who is responsible for guillotining King Louis? Jean-Paul Marat, Jacques Danton, and Maximilien Robespierre were the radical leaders of the revolution they sent the king to trial and had him executed. Robespierre was ordered to guillotine King Louis in 1793. Who established a Republic? What is a Republic? The Radicals established a Republic and a republic is a country lead without a monarch. Reign of Terror: 1793-94 What was the Reign of Terror? †¢ The trial and execution of the king. †¢ The government passed down harsh laws to anyone who disagreed with the Jacobins. †¢ 37,000 people were guillotined for standing up against the government. Why was the Reign of Terror important? It was important because complete reorganization of the armed forces, and new legislation was passed to regulate business. All granaries and hackneys placed under control. Fall of Robespierre: 1793-94 What happened to Robespierre and why? Robespierre’s downfall was that while trying to create a democratic government he instead became a dictator. He caused a lot of bloodshed, the â€Å"Reign of Terror,† and when he tried to condemn those who were against him, he was condemned because he, himself turned into a ruler like that of an absolute monarchy instead of democracy. What is important about the end to Robespierre? After he was gone, the â€Å"Reign of Terror† was over and the rule of the Directory began. People began to realize that a good government isn’t just non-monarchy. Directory Meets: 1794 What was the Directory? The directory was a new government that was controlled by middle class. It was formed and replaced Robespierre. Why was the forming of the Directory important? It was important because they replaced Robespierre, however only classes with money could vote and elect members to government to equality was gone.

Domestic Violence and Early Adulthood Essays

Domestic Violence and Early Adulthood Essays Domestic Violence and Early Adulthood Essay Domestic Violence and Early Adulthood Essay Domestic violence leads to robbing a particular victim the fundamental right to live in harmony or to have a control on their lives. This is because one does not feel safe in their environment and also at home. The victims also feel hard to offer protection to themselves and their children. Domestic violence is said to be the cause of child abuse. According to Barnett, O. W. 350, 50% to 70% of people involved in violence are likely to also abuse their children. Also according to the same reports, children who come from home that have abusive parents are 1500 likely to be frequently abused. According to research, juvenile delinquency is closely related to physical injury as a result of domestic violence. Children who come from violent homes are said to be at six times higher chances of suicide attempts and 50% chances of engaging in drug abuse. The violence has caused the children and their parent to turn to alcoholics. According to Wisner, C. , et al 1999, the most tragic effect of domestic violence is death and it is estimated that men between 11 and 22 years old who are jailed have committed homicide in that they have killed those who have battered their mothers. There are signs of abuse that one should look out for. One is injuries; they have all sorts of injuries on their bodies, from scratches to broken bones and bruises. The affected also have stress and this leads to depression over time. The victims are also said to loose their jobs as they spend most of their time absent from work in order to attend to hospital. They also spend more time in courts and they also move from one place to another to avoid cases of violence. In conclusion all the domestic violence cases should be reported to the authorities to avoid more harm than good. There are centers that have been formed and this act to provide counseling to the affected people. This helps those parents and children, who are victims to adjust to the situation and also for the prevention of long term effects. Barnett, O. W. Why battered women do not leave, part 1: External inhibiting factors within society. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 1, (2000). 343-372. Harway, M. Hansen, M. Spouse Abuse: Assessing and Treating Battered Women, Batterers, and Their Children. Sarasota, Florida: Professional Resource Press. (1994). Perrone, J. Red Flags Offer Clues in Spotting Domestic Abuse. Violence, A Compendium from JAMA. Chicago: The American Medical Association. (1992). Straus, M. A. Injury and Frequency of Assault and the Representative Sample Fallacy in Measuring Wife Beating and Child Abuse. In M. A. Straus R. J. Gelles (Eds. ), Physical violence in American Families: Risk Factors and Adaptations to Violence in 8,145 F amilies New Brunswick, NJ; Transaction. (1990). pp. 75-91 Vitanza, S. , Vogel, L. C. , Marshall, L. LDistress and Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Abused Women. Violence and Victims, 10, (1995). 23-34. Wisner, C. , Gilmer, T. , Saltzman, L. , Zink, T. Intimate Partner Violence Against Women Do Victims Cost Health Plans More? Journal of Family Practice, June. (1999).

Hurricanes1 essays

Hurricanes1 essays Summer is over and fall has arrived- but many people to the south of us are observing another season- hurricane season. According to the Montshire Museum of Science, "hurricanes usually occur in the North Atlantic from June to November, with most of them in September." On average, between six to eight hurricanes form in the North Atlantic or North Pacific each year (Montshire). However, as many as 15 have occurred in the Atlantic in a single year. Hurricanes are powerful, whirling storms that measure several hundred miles in diameter. The winds near the center of a hurricane blow at speeds of 74 miles per hour or more (World Book, 400). Many hurricanes leave a trail of widespread death and destruction. The definition of a hurricane, according to World Book Encyclopedia, is an area of low pressure that forms over oceans in tropical regions. Such a storm in the North Pacific Ocean is called a typhoon, and one in the South Pacific or Indian Ocean is called a cyclone. Most hurricanes originate within the doldrums, a "narrow equatorial belt characterized by intermittent calms, light variable breezes, frequent squalls, and lying between the northeast and southeast trade winds" (Encarta). Hurricanes consist of high-velocity winds blowing circularly around a low-pressure center, known as the eye of the storm. The low-pressure center develops when the warm, saturated air prevalent in the doldrums is under run and forced upward by denser, cooler air. From the edge of the storm toward its center, the atmospheric pressure drops sharply and the wind velocity rises. The winds attain maximum force close to the point of lowest pressure. Encarta Encyclopedia states that "hurricanes generally move in a path resembling the curve of a parabola". Also, that in the "Northern Hemisphere the storms usually travel first in a northwesterly direction and in the higher latitudes turn toward the northeast". "In the Southern Hemisphere the u...

Business law and ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business law and ethics - Essay Example In this regard, this essay is written to evaluate a particular case on business law and ethics, specifically delving into four ethical theories in the process: utilitarianism, the Golden Rule, Kant’s categorical imperative and virtue ethics. The discourse would begin with a summary of the case facts and proceed into a discussion of the ethical issues. The essay would progress into an enumeration of the affected parties before closely evaluating the case facts using the four ethical theories abovementioned. The recommendation would take into consideration relevant ethical contexts and critical thinking and analytical skills applicable in the given scenario and would be presented in the form of consequences and obligations, as required. Case facts reveal that Pat, a plant manager in one of ABC Company’s five plants has been employed with the company for 15 years. She has earned the trust of her boss as manifested by revealing in confidence about the lay-off plans involving 200 workers. In this given situation, an old friend of Pat tried to confirm the veracity of the rumor circulating in the plant. Given the facts of the case, the ethical issues that Pat must take into consideration are itemized below: (1) due to the confidentiality of the information accorded to Pat, she is in a quandary as to reveal the truth about the layoff; (2) as an employee who had earned the trust of management, Pat is indebted to the company for sending her to college; thereby, the personal traits of honesty and integrity, in concurrence with abiding with policies of confidentiality, are hereby critical in the decision making process; (3) an old friend relies on Pat to give her the right information regarding the rumor of laying off 200 personnel; Pat is therefore bewildered as her loyalty and trust is hereby tested. It is critical to identify in an ethical

The Advertisement for the Pet Toys Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Advertisement for the Pet Toys - Assignment Example Therefore, Pets R Us made a legal conditional promise. On the other hand, considering the conditions the advertisement was made in, it may be regarded as an invitation to treat. An invitation to treat represents â€Å"an expression of willingness to negotiate. A person making an invitation to treat does not intend to be bound as soon as it is accepted by the person to whom the statement is addressed.†2 Therefore, the main difference between an invitation to treat and an offer consists in their binding power. That is why establishing the right nature of the advertisement is imperative, considering the legal implications of both. Advertisements are generally regarded as invitations to treat; therefore, the person that is advertising is not compelled to sell to every customer. The display of goods with a price ticket attached to a shop window or on a supermarket shelf is not an offer to sell but an invitation for customers to make an offer to buy. (Fisher v Bell [1960] 3 All ER 731) The case of Partridge v Crittenden [1968] 1 WLR 1204 is a leading case in this matter. The court held that where the appellant advertised to sell wild birds, he was not offering to sell them. Lord Parker CJ commented that â€Å"it did not make "business sense" for advertisements to be offers, as the person making the advertisement may find himself in a situation where he would be contractually obliged to sell more goods than he actually owned.†3 This makes sense, since in the case of Petz R Us if the advertisement is to be regarded as an offer, it means that the store is bound to sell pet toys to everyone who has read the advertisement and has shown interest in buying the product. Considering that the advertisement was published in a magazine and was available to everybody who read it, it would have been at least awkward to expect the store to have enough supplies for everybody.  Ã‚   I

The Neopteran Questions for an Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Neopteran Questions for an Exam - Essay Example For instance, the naiad mayflies may live up to one or two years in freshwater aquifers, but adults stages last for a few days at most. Though juvenile mayflies feed on algae and smaller insects, the adults cannot eat due to reduced, non-functional mouthparts. Male fore legs are modified for grasping the female during mating. Near adulthood, naiads rise to the surface of water and molt to develop external wings so that they can move to shore. Mayflies are the only insects which molt after developing functional wings during the pre-adult stage called sub-imago. Adult mayflies rise on same days forming large flying swarms so that females can lay eggs on water surface before dying. Within the mayflies, different species occupy very different niches. The naiads of Blue Quill mayflies possess large mandibles for grazing detritus and periphyton. Like ephemeroptera, the Odonates also have aquatic naiads but possess a highly modified labium for catching prey. They adults too have chewing mou th parts and hinged jaws are used as tools to capture and bring prey to mouth. They also have very specialized copulatory behavior in which male grabs female from behind her head with claspers at tip of abdomen, the female receives sperm from his second abdominal segment, and releases fertilized eggs into the water. Males defending the best grazing area have a better chance to attract more females and thus produce more offspring. The neopteran (new wings) insects have the ability to fold their wings back against their abdomen at rest. Neoptera are subdivided into exopterygota and endoterygota depending on the development of wings through the juvenile stages, and into further groups depending on the modification of their mouthparts. In exopterygota, the metamorphosis is simple or incomplete, and wings gradually develop externally without going through a true pupal stage via molting. The juveniles also usually have similar feeding habits as the adults. The endopterygota undergo comple te metamorphosis and development of major structural differences between immature and adult stages occurs. The developing wings are not visible in the initial stages (larvae). An inactive stage called pupa is formed after several molts which does not feed and move. During this pupal stage big changes take place internally. After the pupal stage, a highly active winged adult appears. The larvae and the adults often adapt to different habitat and use different types of food resources. The evolutionary stages of endopterygota allow the juvenile and adult stages of insects to specialize in different resources, contributing to the extensive and successful radiation of the group. For instance, a bark beetle undergoes egg, the three larval instars, and the pupal stages before rising as an adult beetle. Question Two The sea otter is the smallest marine mammal having no insulating layer of blubber. The warm skin of sea otter is protected against the cold water by a thick layer of air trapped within very dense and longer fur hairs. The hairs are even denser at back of the body which is mostly in contact with the water. Though air provides far better insulation than blubber, sea otters cannot dive deeper and thus are restricted to shallower, coastal habitats. As Allen rule suggests, the legs, ears, and snout of sea otter are shorter for conserving heat in the colder climate. They form a streamlined

American Revolutionary War General Essay Example for Free

American Revolutionary War General Essay The American Revolution was the course by which numerous American colonies became an autonomous nation. It involved novel ideas grounded on republicanism and needed success in a long battle with Britain. Following the fighting that raged for nearly a year, the United States declared independence in 1776, as an autonomous country and established a coalition with France that leveled the naval and military might of the two nations. The fundamental cause was the British government’s refusal to permit Americans voice their concerns in setting duties. During the pre-revolutionary period, some notable events such as the Braddock’s expedition influenced the revolutionary path. The Braddock’s expedition commenced in 1755 in Pennsylvania . Among the volunteers during the expedition was Daniel Morgan who is considered one of the most victorious field leaders during the American Revolution. The tales of this renowned patriot and the regiments that operated under his command in the Boston siege, assault of Quebec, the obliteration of Burgoyne’s forces at Saratoga as well as his devastating conquer of Banastre Tarleton cannot be forgotten. Not much is known concerning the Daniel Morgan’s early life. It is generally thought that he was born in New Jersey in the year 1736 . His early life was signified by a rough frontiersmen outlook. He left original home when he was a child and established in Winchester, Virginia. Morgan was remarkably strong and a tireless, hardworking worker. He started by employing himself out but within a very short period of time earned sufficient confidence from his boss to be in charge of the boss’s sawmill. Although Morgan would sink into debts severally, he managed to save sufficient money to establish an autonomous wagon. Generally, Morgan was a prosperous captain, militia, farmer and a respectable citizen. When in 1775, the Continental Congress sanctioned the recruitment of two firms of Virginia riflemen, Morgan was the unchallenged choice from his Virginia County to recruit and head one of them. Early Career Daniel Morgan had an unconquerable spirit together with rapid wit made him a favorite amongst the people and before long most of the colleagues from Berryville and Winchester looked upon him as their leader . An agitated and high-spirited individual, he abandoned home in his early teens and established in Virginia. The muscular man was repeatedly in problems with the laws for affraying in taverns and failing to pay card debts and liquor. As a trucker, he accompanied the unfortunate Braddock’s expedition. His career started his career by working as a planter but was later given a job to work as a trucker for a wagon. Within a period of six months, Daniel had saved sufficient cash to purchase own team and cart and became a trucker under his own management on the Great Wagon Road . This road started in Philadelphia, traversing via Lancaster, shifted southward to Maryland, Frederick, traversed through Winchester, crossed the middle and eastern sections of Virginia Valley ending up in North Carolina. Morgan’s first hand experience of North Carolina and southwest Virginia added to his eye-catching defeat of Tarleton and the following idiotic tactics of Cornwallis to arrest him resulting to the British conquer at Yorktown as the American Revolution ended . Braddock’s Expedition The war of Monongahela commenced in 1755, near the location of contemporary-day Braddock, Pennsylvania. After it ended, over five hundred British forces lay dead and approximately five hundred were wounded . Only three hundred managed to escape the menace uninjured including George Washington . Edward Braddock, a British commander had been fatally wounded and succumbed to injuries several days later. Braddock’s men suffered badly from the initial stages of the war. The Tactics used by Indians were supremely appropriate for woodland battle. Battle between the French and British on the border implied additional work for Daniel who volunteered ferrying materials for the British forces. The rival assertions of England and France for the rich valleys southwest of Alleghenies had started to create slaughter. The French had already conquered the England fort located on the Allegheny Rivers and Monongahela and Washington had attempted to repossess it only to admit defeat at Great Meadows. Colonel Braddock was dispatched from Britain to conquer the tracts on the western side of the mountains. He brought a force comprising a collection of artillery and two regiments. There was need to procure transportation and Daniel volunteered his services. In addition to the regulars, Braddock also enjoyed the company of several men and camp followers. The forces were gathered at Cumberland pending the Braddock’s arrival. The aim was to proceed but the mission was delayed for several days while teams and wagons were found to carry the equipments and baggage. Once the regiment was in motion the journey was extremely slow. The roads were dominated by creeks and swamps and the terrains rough. Braddock made a decision to walk ahead with one thousand two hundred men and to abandon the artillery and baggage with Colonel Dunbar. Dunbar’s forces set camp at Great Meadows, the dawdlers started arriving with information concerning Braddock’s defeat. Fear and panic spread throughout the entire camp at the imagination that the enemy might attack. The following day most of the troops went back home together with most of the teams and wagons, abandoning the helpless and wounded. Due to the nature of Daniel’s work, he was among those in the wagon trains when Braddock’s forces were assaulted and nearly eliminated by an Indian and French alliance; instead of materials, Daniel found himself ferrying wounded soldiers . The condition on the Virginia frontier and Pennsylvania was ominous. The Braddock’s defeat left the border open for the murdering and robbing of the border populace. At a period when condition demanded all men to be available to safeguard the defenseless population, Dunbar and his troops left for Philadelphia. The Virginia’s administration met the condition with swiftness and energetically raised an extra force of sixteen firms under Washington to protect the frontier. Washington assigned forces at different places along the frontier. Morgan was assigned the responsibility of ferrying supplies along the defense lines. This was an extremely risky task as a trucker and was regularly exposed to serious dangers from the loitering foe. Morgan escaped death narrowly no several occasions. Experience with British Forces In the year 1756, Daniel experienced a dreadful disagreement with a lieutenant from Britain . The officer had been offended by something Daniel had articulated and after abusing him verbally; he hit him with the edge of his blade. Daniel’s instantaneous right cross hit the officer meaningless knocking him cold. The defiant act led to speedy military justice. The British laws were excessive on this form of crime and Daniel was accorded five hundred strokes, the harshest penalty possible. Such punishments were neither uncommon for the British forces nor was it unusual for men to pass away under the stroke. He obtained all of the punishment except one stroke. Daniel was too strong to pass away, but the familiarity left his body a piece of hamburger and bone . Once the wounds healed over, nonetheless, he acquired a priceless visual aid that proved important to him severally. It was articulated that the penalty would have murdered a slighter man. Until this period Daniel had not commanded anyone. He had helped Braddock and in return got wrongly trodden for his endeavors. The battle frenzied on and extended to the bottom of the blue hills. Fort Louden and Fort Cumberland were attacked by the foe standing just two hundred miles away from Daniel’s dwelling in Winchester. The militia was called to Fort Garrison and Daniel headed the forces towards the fort and commanded to for some period. Although none of his position is documented, it is widely assumed that he commanded the garrison. Shortly after his arrival, a body of Indians and French attacked Fort Edwards. Owing to Daniel’s leadership and bravery, the assault was halted. The battalion sallied forward and surpassed their enemies wounding and killing numerous Indians as the escaped in all directions. In 1758, General Forbes, the leader of the British battalion planned to assault Fort Duquesne; Daniel was suggested by leading officers of Virginia for the captaincy post. Governor Dinwiddie rejected the recommendation and only an ensign’s charge was obtainable. Daniel accepted the charge and was positioned at different forts beside the border in 1758 . Devastating Attack Daniel was dispatched from these forts with a company of two defense force . He was assaulted by a group of Indians and French. The defense forces were blasted and fell right away off the horsebacks. Daniel was stroke by a gunshot that pierced via his neck, scraping one part of his neck-bone, and then passing via the mouth . The gunshot removed all of Daniel’s teeth, but surprising enough didn’t harm the jawbone. In other words, Daniel’s head had been shot. Although wounded terribly, Daniel never fell from the horseback. The blood oozed effortlessly out of the gunshot wound and he was vulnerably weak, yet in such circumstances he was capable of keeping his feelings long enough to run away from additional harm. The horse he rode on panicked at first and froze, But Daniel seized her neck in an attempt to spurn her on . Incredibly, the horse curved and headed back to the fort. The Indians, assuming Daniel was fatally wounded, descended upon the defense forces searching for scalps. Daniel, also assuming he was just about to perish, speeded the horse to escape from his chasers to avoid mangling of his body. Daniel’s horse arrived at the fort when he was insensible. He remained in a critical condition for a long period of time, but with judicious treatment and good care, he recovered. Daniel later went back to Fredrick where his manly and bravery behavior had accorded him a high standing amongst his folks. Experience as a Lieutenant The Indian and French War ended and it seemed as if Daniel would get a chance to lead a nonviolent live. But following the peace treaty Pontiac’s battle broke out, an onslaught that destroyed the whole Western Frontier. Virginia reacted by recalling militia into active service to assist the existing battalion already stationed on the border. The forces were put under the authority of Colonel Stevens. Daniel was posted as a lieutenant in the regiment. In a crucial battle, the Indians were conquered and forced to implement a peace agreement without Daniel participating in the battle. The band of soldiers was disbanded and therefore ended the war. Leader of County Militia In 1771, the governor of Virginia, William nelson commissioned Daniel as Captain of Frederick County’s militia . This was a period of great extension on Virginia border, a development which disappointed Indian populace. Great carnages were happening in places such as Kentucky and Virginia’s populace feared that the trouble would spread to Virginia quickly. Their fears were confirmed and atrocities were committed by a band of settlers, instigating Dunmore’s War. Governor of Virginia, Lord Dunmore, was confident to deal with the issue himself. He commanded a big battalion from the northern region to be organized and four brigades of volunteers and militia to be arranged in the Southern regions. While staffing for these regiments was being executed, a defense force was recruited to position itself between the border and the settlements under McDonald command. It was under the command of McDonald that Daniel took the leadership. He recruited several men and proceeded to Wheeling in Virginia to link up with McDonald. Major McDonald was initially requested to assume a defensive location, but decided to launch offenses due to lack of arrangements with the Indians. Daniel’s forces rapidly pushed the Indians from their locations forcing them to retreat. An Experienced Fighter By the year 1775 Daniel was an assessed and country fighter. He was capable of fighting using Indians methods of fighting and was proficient in using Pennsylvania gun, a long, thin tool of great accuracy and range. Not amazingly, when the Congress commanded the recruitment of ten firms of border riflemen to work as light infantry, Daniel was selected as a captain. After the U. S revolutionary War started at the skirmish of Concord and Lexington, the Congress established the famous Continental Army. The Congress gathered and called for creation of rifle firms from colonies to assist the Boston Siege and General Washington was named the commander of the army. It permitted the recruitment of twenty thousand men into the army. Congress also required ten firms of riflemen to be called into service in Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania states. Among the companies provided by Virginia State, Daniel Morgan was chosen as the leader of one rifle firm by the commission of Frederick County through an undisputed vote . Daniel’s first significant assignment surfaced in 1775, when worked in Benedict Arnold’s voyage that attacked Canada . Exposed to the waist and sporting Indian breechlout and leggings, Morgan led the expedition. During the assault, he took momentary command Montogomery’s murder. He battled valiantly against the foe until ultimately overpowered by larger numbers and forced to surrender. Although Daniel spent eight months in an English detention prior to exchange, his notable achievements at Quebec gave him merited acknowledgment. He was endorsed for the post of colonel and provided with a special force of light infantry comprising five hundred selected backwoodsmen. Achievements during Revolution Saratoga War Daniels’ light forces had its best moments in the Saratoga battle of 1777, when he rushed to help the northern army, then refuting the southward campaign from Canada of General Burgoyne . Burgoyne had witnessed his forces repulsed at Bennington and Oswego and his weapons run precariously thin in New York. During the battle, American colonel Horatio permitted Burgoyne to exploit his supplies in unsuccessful probes. Morgan was used by Gates to annoy and delay the enemy. The rifleman, utilizing their woodland knowledge effectively killed many redcoats. Soon enclosed by Gate’s forces and bands of militiamen, Burgoyne surrendered at Saratoga. As other attacks in the south were being evaluated, Britain’s standing among the colonies was tarnished both militarily and politically with enemies as well as friends. Morgan went back to Washington’s forces with splendor and immediately joined army politics. He believed his achievements would earn him a larger command as well as promotion particularly because a novel light infantry was being formed. However, the Congress felt that Virginians fielded sufficient Generals and offered the authority to a Pennsylvanian, Anthony Wayne. Cowpens War After a long period of inactivity, Morgan chose to accomplish his stand at Cowpens after the American grounds brightened in the South with a novel leader, Nathanael Greene who dispatched him into South Carolina . Confident to eliminate Daniel before attacking the higher south, Cornwallis dispatched Tarleton to pursue him. Daniel’s assumed advantage of Tarleton’s behavior for rapid action and his disregard for the inexperienced militia and the accuracy and longer range of Virginia riflemen. The gunmen were located to the frontline while both the regulars and militia remained behind. The first units were required to withdraw upon being threatened thus provoking a premature attack. During the campaign, Morgan famed himself as a leader of troops who nevertheless sustained the ordinary touch and maintained their secret. Typical soldiers toiled harder and shoved themselves a little bit further when Daniel was supervising them. The approach achieved enormous results; as the English troops neared, the American troops reloaded their guns. When the enemy got close they fired in their faces. Within a very short time, Tarleton’s one thousand and seventy six men got wounded, one hundred and ten killed and eight hundred and thirty captured . Although Tarleton managed to escape, all his equipments and supplies were captured by the Americans. Daniel’s cunning strategy is widely viewed to be the strategic masterwork of the battle and the most effectively executed envelopment of contemporary military history . Conclusion Braddock’s conquer was indeed one of the drastic events of the period before American Revolution. It left population settlements in Virginia and Pennsylvania susceptible to Indian and French invasion. Braddock’s expedition also improved Daniel Morgan’s standing and assisted helped him to be the sensible choice for an officer of Riflemen units in the American Revolution. Finally, the expedition was a significant chapter to the long battle with the Indian forces for the administration of the western Pennsylvania and Ohio valley. Saratoga War was also a significant success, won when United States required success in the most awful way and played an integral role in influencing other governments such as French administration to formally join the battle to aid the besieged colonies. The coalition with France became pivotal in maintaining American Revolutionary military resistance and resolve Bibliography Cassell, Frank. The Braddock Expedition of 1755: Catastrophe in the Wilderness, n. d, http://www. hsp. org/default. aspx? id=622 (29 July 2009) Cheaney, Janie. Daniel Morgan, 1998, http://jrshelby. com/kimocowp/morgan. htm (29 July 2009). Chapel, Hill. Daniel Morgan: Revolutionary Rifleman. North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 1979. Daily, Allen. History of the Descendants of David Morgan, 2000, http://freepages.genealogy. rootsweb. ancestry. com/~morgansociety/david. htm (29 July 2009). Frassett, James. Revolutionary War, 2000, http://www. revolutionarywararchives. org/morganearlyyears. html (29 July 2009) Jacob Cushing, A Sermon Preached at Lexington, April 20th 1778. Boston: Powars Willis, 1776. John Archdale, A New Description of that Fertile and Pleasant Province of Carolina, Narratives of Early Carolina, (1911): 277-313. Richard Price, A Discourse on the Love of Our Country . . . Commemorating the Revolution in Great Britain. London: Edward E. Powars, 1789.